If you’ve recently given birth and experienced an episiotomy, you know the uncomfortable truth: the healing process can be just as challenging as labor itself. The pain, swelling, and slow recovery can make those precious first weeks with your newborn feel overwhelming instead of joyful.
Research Suggests Propolis May Support Episiotomy Healing and Reduce Pain
A recent randomized controlled trial indicates that topical propolis ointment may help reduce episiotomy pain and support wound healing in new mothers. The study found that women using propolis ointment experienced significantly less pain and showed better healing markers compared to those using a placebo, with effects observed within the first 12 hours and continuing through 10 days post-delivery.
What the Research Discovered
This triple-blinded clinical trial, conducted at Taleghani Hospital in Iran from April to December 2023, provides compelling evidence for propolis as a natural healing support option. The researchers followed 72 women who had undergone episiotomies during their first or second deliveries, carefully tracking their pain levels and healing progress.
Key findings from the study:
- Women using propolis ointment reported significantly lower pain scores compared to the placebo group
- The REEDA scale (which measures redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation) showed better healing outcomes in the propolis group
- Benefits were noticeable within the first 12 hours after application
- Improvements continued throughout the 10-day study period
- No significant adverse effects were reported
| Study Details | |
|---|---|
| Publication | Journal of Caring Science, December 2025 |
| Sample Size | 72 women (36 propolis, 36 placebo) |
| Duration | 10 days postpartum |
| Application | Twice daily topical ointment |
| Study Design | Triple-blinded randomized controlled trial |
| Primary Outcome | Pain reduction measured by Visual Analogue Scale |
| Secondary Outcome | Wound healing assessed by REEDA scale |
The researchers used rigorous scientific methods, including triple-blinding (where participants, researchers, and outcome assessors didn’t know who received which treatment), making these results particularly reliable. The study specifically focused on first- and second-time mothers, a population that often experiences more challenging episiotomy healing due to tissue inexperience with the birthing process.
How This Applies to Your Daily Life
Understanding how this research might benefit your postpartum recovery involves looking at practical applications of the study findings:
1. Natural Pain Management Option
The study suggests propolis ointment may offer an alternative to conventional pain management approaches. While over-the-counter pain medications remain important tools, some new mothers prefer exploring natural options, especially when breastfeeding. The research indicates that twice-daily application of propolis ointment may help reduce discomfort during those crucial first days when sitting, walking, and basic daily activities can feel challenging.
2. Faster Return to Normal Activities
Better wound healing and reduced pain may translate to getting back to your daily routine more comfortably. The study’s findings suggest that women using propolis experienced improvements in multiple healing markers, which could mean less time worrying about your episiotomy site and more time bonding with your baby. This is particularly significant since episiotomy discomfort can interfere with sleep, feeding positions, and overall maternal well-being.
3. Simplified Care Routine
Unlike some wound care protocols that require multiple products or complex application schedules, this study used a straightforward approach: clean the area and apply the ointment twice daily. This simplicity is crucial for new mothers who are already managing numerous new responsibilities and may be operating on limited sleep.
4. Early Intervention Benefits
The research showed benefits beginning within the first 12 hours, suggesting that starting propolis application soon after delivery might be optimal. This timing aligns well with typical hospital discharge schedules, meaning you could potentially begin this supportive care approach while still receiving medical supervision, then continue at home.
What You Should Know Before Using Propolis
While the research appears promising, there are important considerations before incorporating propolis into your postpartum care routine.
Dosage and Application
The study used propolis ointment applied twice daily to the perineal area for 10 days. However, the specific concentration of propolis in the ointment wasn’t detailed in the abstract. This highlights the importance of working with healthcare providers to determine appropriate formulations and concentrations, as propolis products vary significantly in potency and purity.
Safety Considerations
Research suggests propolis is generally well-tolerated when applied topically, and this study reported no significant adverse effects. However, individual reactions can occur. Some people may experience skin sensitivity or allergic reactions, particularly those with bee product allergies. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that make propolis potentially beneficial for wound healing could theoretically interact with other topical treatments.
Who Should NOT Use Propolis
Certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid propolis entirely:
- Women with known allergies to bee products, including honey, beeswax, or royal jelly
- Those with asthma triggered by bee products
- Anyone currently using prescribed topical medications for episiotomy care
- Women with compromised immune systems or autoimmune conditions
- Those with a history of severe allergic reactions to plant-based compounds
Always consult your healthcare provider before adding any new treatment to your postpartum care routine, especially if you’re taking medications or have underlying health conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How quickly might I notice improvements in pain and healing?
A: The study suggests that benefits may begin within the first 12 hours of application. Participants reported reduced pain scores and showed improved healing markers on the REEDA scale during this early period. However, individual responses can vary based on factors like the extent of the episiotomy, your body’s natural healing rate, and overall health status. The research followed women for 10 days, showing continued improvement throughout this period.
Q: Can I use propolis ointment alongside other episiotomy treatments?
A: While the study didn’t specifically examine propolis in combination with other treatments, it’s crucial to discuss any additions to your care routine with your healthcare provider. Some topical treatments may interact or interfere with each other. Your doctor or midwife can help determine whether propolis fits safely into your current pain management and wound care plan, especially if you’re using prescribed medications or special wound care products.
Q: Is propolis safe while breastfeeding?
A: The study included breastfeeding mothers, and topical application of propolis ointment to the perineal area is generally considered to have minimal systemic absorption. However, some propolis products may contain additional ingredients that could be concerning during breastfeeding. Research suggests that pure, high-quality propolis applied topically is typically safe, but it’s always wise to verify with your healthcare provider, especially if you’re exclusively breastfeeding or have concerns about any ingredients.
Q: What should I look for when choosing a propolis ointment?
A: The study used a specific propolis formulation, but the exact concentration wasn’t specified in the available abstract. When selecting a propolis product, look for reputable manufacturers who provide clear ingredient lists and propolis concentrations. Some evidence suggests that standardized propolis extracts may offer more consistent results. Avoid products with unnecessary additives, fragrances, or ingredients you’re allergic to. Your pharmacist or healthcare provider may be able to recommend medical-grade propolis formulations.
Q: Are there any signs I should watch for that would indicate I should stop using propolis?
A: While the study reported no significant adverse effects, you should discontinue use and contact your healthcare provider if you experience increased redness, swelling, or pain at the application site, unusual discharge, signs of infection (fever, red streaking), severe itching or burning, or any allergic reaction symptoms like rash, hives, or difficulty breathing. Also, if your episiotomy healing seems to slow down or worsen after starting propolis, this warrants medical evaluation to ensure there isn’t an underlying issue requiring different treatment.
The Bottom Line
Research suggests that topical propolis ointment may offer meaningful support for episiotomy pain relief and wound healing in new mothers. This triple-blinded randomized controlled trial indicates that twice-daily application for 10 days may help reduce discomfort and improve healing markers compared to placebo treatment. While these findings are encouraging for women seeking natural approaches to postpartum recovery, propolis should complement, not replace, standard medical care. The study’s rigorous methodology strengthens confidence in these results, but individual responses may vary. Before incorporating propolis into your postpartum care routine, discuss this option with your healthcare provider to ensure it’s appropriate for your specific situation and won’t interfere with other treatments you may be using.
Authors: Rafatnia M, Ghanbari-Homaie S, Mirghafourvand M, Ebrahimi F, Kamalifard M